{"id":9798,"date":"2026-03-03T09:02:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-03T09:02:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.library.sath.nhs.uk\/research\/?p=9798"},"modified":"2026-03-03T09:02:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T09:02:14","slug":"top-12-wet-macular-conditions-that-do-not-require-intravitreal-anti-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-anti-vegf-injections-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.library.sath.nhs.uk\/research\/2026\/03\/03\/top-12-wet-macular-conditions-that-do-not-require-intravitreal-anti-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-anti-vegf-injections-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 12 \"wet macular conditions\" that do not require intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections. (2025)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Type of publication:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conference abstract<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Author(s):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Rao P.; *Perera L.; Garikapati N.; *Godbole K.; *Zaw S.-N.; *Mathew N.M.; Veeramani P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eye (Basingstoke). Conference: The Royal College of Ophthalmologists Annual Congress 2025. Liverpool United Kingdom. 39 (pp 271), 2025. Date of Publication: 01 Jun 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction: Intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs have revolutionised the management of wet age related macular degeneration (ARMD), retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and diabetic maculopathy over the last 18 years in the UK. In the year 2022 over 677,000 intravitreal injections were performed in England alone (4796 per 100,000 population). In the UK over 75% of intravitreal injections are performed by allied health professionals such as nurses, optometrists and orthoptists. Although anti-VEGF injections are only NICE approved for 4 main conditions (wet ARMD, retinal vein occlusion, diabetic maculopathy and myopic choroidal neovascular membrane(CNV))often clinicians are faced with clinical presentations that mimic the 4 main indications thereby making the clinical decision to treat or not treat a particular patient with anti-VEGF injections difficult. Method(s): We have retrospectively reviewed the case records of patients attending rapid access clinics and intravitreal injection clinics over a 4 year period to identify macular and retinal conditions that mimic the four major NICE approved indications for intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Result(s): We identified 12 such clinical conditions: 1) Adult vitelliform macular degeneration 2) Peripapillary pachychoroid syndromes 3) Central serous retinopathy 4) Intraretinal fluid overlying the old disciform macular scars 5) Retinal pigment epithelial rips involving the fovea 6) Old BRVO\/ CRVO with extrafoveal macular oedema\/ thickening 7) Macular oedema\/ haemorrhage secondary to a macroaneurysm 8) Peripapillary CNV without involvement of the macula 9) Macular oedema secondary to epiretinal membrane 10) Inactive CNV: slow growing lesion with minimal fluid leakage and stable vision. 11) Transient foveal oedema due to microaneurysms close to foveola 12) Macular oedema mistaken for vein occlusions and Diabetic maculopathy a) Post operative cystoid macular oedema (CMO) b) CMO in hereditary dystrophies c) Drug (toxic) related macular oedema. Conclusion(s): We have identified the most common macular \/ retinal conditions for which anti-VEGF therapies are not necessarily of benefit. In a large cohort of injection patients it is not unusual to find some patients with other varied pathologies receiving anti-VEGF injections with limited or no benefit. We believe that it is important to highlight these varied pathologies to all clinicians to avoid inappropriate treatments. We demonstrate each category of patients with evidence on multimodal imaging to support the diagnosis and also of suboptimal outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DOI: <\/strong>10.1038\/s41433-025-03831-0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Type of publication: Conference abstract Author(s): *Rao P.; *Perera L.; Garikapati N.; *Godbole K.; *Zaw S.-N.; *Mathew N.M.; Veeramani P. Citation: Eye (Basingstoke). Conference: The Royal College of Ophthalmologists Annual Congress 2025. Liverpool United Kingdom. 39 (pp 271), 2025. Date…<\/span><\/p>\n

Read more Top 12 \"wet macular conditions\" that do not require intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections. (2025)<\/span> ›<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n

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